TheΒ white-tailed deer, also knownΒ commonlyΒ as theΒ whitetailΒ and theΒ Virginia deer, is a medium-sizedΒ speciesΒ ofΒ deerΒ native to North America, Central America, and South America as far south asΒ PeruΒ and Bolivia, where it predominately inhabits high mountain terrains of theΒ Andes.Β It has also been introduced toΒ New Zealand, all theΒ Greater AntillesΒ in theΒ CaribbeanΒ (Cuba,Β Jamaica,Β Hispaniola, andΒ Puerto Rico),Β and some countries inΒ Europe, such as theΒ Czech Republic,Β Finland,Β France,Β Germany,Β Romania,Β andΒ Serbia.Β In the Americas, it is the most widely distributed wildΒ ungulate.
In North America, theΒ speciesΒ is widely distributed east of theΒ Rocky MountainsΒ as well as in southwesternΒ ArizonaΒ and most of Mexico, exceptΒ Lower California. It is mostly displaced by theΒ black-tailedΒ orΒ mule deerΒ (Odocoileus hemionus) from that point west except for mixedΒ deciduousΒ riparianΒ corridors, river valley bottomlands, and lower foothills of the northern Rocky Mountain region fromΒ WyomingΒ west to easternΒ WashingtonΒ and easternΒ OregonΒ and north to northeasternΒ British ColumbiaΒ and southernΒ Yukon, including in theΒ Montana valley and foothill grasslands. The westernmost population of the species, known as theΒ Columbian white-tailed deer, was once widespread in the mixed forests along theΒ WillametteΒ andΒ Cowlitz RiverΒ valleys of western Oregon and southwestern Washington, but current numbers are considerably reduced, and it is classified as near-threatened. This population is separated from other white-tailed deer populations.
Texas is home to the most white-tailed deer of any U.S. state or Canadian province, with an estimated population of 5.3 million.Β High populations of white-tailed deer exist in theΒ Edwards PlateauΒ of central Texas. Michigan, Minnesota, Iowa, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, Illinois, Wisconsin, Maryland, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, and Indiana also boast high deer densities. The conversion of land adjacent to the Canadian Rockies to agriculture use and partial clear-cutting ofΒ coniferous trees, resulting in widespread deciduous vegetation, has been favorable to the white-tailed deer and has pushed its distribution to as far north as the Yukon. Populations of deer around theΒ Great LakesΒ have expanded their range northwards, also due to conversion of land to agricultural use, with localΒ caribou,Β elk, andΒ mooseΒ populations declining. White-tailed deer are crepuscular, meaning they are most active during the dawn and dusk hours.
Resource: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-tailed_deer